Einkorn wheat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Triticum boeoticum)
| Einkorn wheat | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| (unranked): | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Triticum |
| Species: | T. monococcum |
| Binomial name | |
| Triticum monococcum L. | |
Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat,Triticum baeoticum, or to the domesticated form, Triticum monococcum. The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies: Triticum monococcum subsp. baeoticum (wild) and T. monococcum subsp. monococcum (domesticated). Einkorn is a diploid species (2n = 14 chromosomes) of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger.
Einkorn wheat was one of the first plants to be domesticated and cultivated. The earliest clear evidence of the domestication of Einkorn dates from 10,600 to 9,900 years before present (8,650 BC to 7,950 BC) from two archaeological sites in southern Turkey.[1]
Contents
[hide]History[edit]
| Karaca Dağ | |
|---|---|
 
Karaca Dağ
| |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 37°40′12″N 39°49′48″ECoordinates: 37°40′12″N 39°49′48″E |
Einkorn wheat commonly grows wild in the hill country in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent and Anatolia although it has a wider distribution reaching into the Balkans and south to Jordan near the Dead Sea. It is a short variety of wild wheat, usually less than 70 centimetres (28 in) tall and is not very productive of edible seeds. The principal difference between wild einkorn and cultivated einkorn is the method of seed dispersal. In the wild variety the seed head usually shatters and drops the kernels (seeds) of wheat onto the ground. This facilitates a new crop of wheat. In the domestic variety, the seed head remains intact. Human intervention caused the difference. Harvesting einkorn with intact seed heads was easier for early human harvesters. Thus, over time and through selection, conscious or unconscious, the human preference for intact seed heads created the domestic variety, which also has slightly larger kernels than wild einkorn. Domesticated einkorn requires human planting and harvesting for its continuing existence.[2] This process of domestication might have taken only 20 to 200 years with the end product a wheat easier for humans to harvest.[3]
Einkorn wheat is one of the earliest cultivated forms of wheat, alongside emmer wheat (T. dicoccum). Grains of wild einkorn have been found in Epi-Paleolithic sites of the Fertile Crescent. Although gathered from the wild for thousands of years, Einkorn Wheat was first domesticated approximately 10,000 years BP in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) or B (PPNB) periods.[4] Evidence from DNA finger-printing suggests einkorn was first domesticated near Karaca Dağ in southeast Turkey, an area in which a number of PPNB farming villages have been found.[5]
An important characteristic facilitating the domestication of einkorn and other annual grains is that the plants are largely self-pollinating. Thus, the desirable (for human management) traits of einkorn could be perpetuated at less risk of cross-fertilization with wild plants which might have traits—e.g. smaller seeds, shattering seed heads, etc. -- less desirable for human management.[6]
From the northern part of the Fertile Crescent, the cultivation of einkorn wheat spread to the Caucasus, the Balkans, and central Europe. Einkorn wheat was more commonly grown in cooler climates than emmer wheat, the other domesticated wheat. Cultivation of einkorn in the Middle East began to decline in favor of emmer wheat around 2000 BC. Cultivation of einkorn was never extensive in Italy, southern France, and Spain. Einkorn continued to be cultivated in some areas of northern Europe throughout the Middle Ages and until the early part of the 20th century. Einkorn wheat is low-yielding but can survive on poor, dry, marginal soils where other varieties of wheat will not. It is primarily eaten boiled in whole grains or in porridge. Its flour lacks the rising characteristics desirable for bread.[7]
Einkorn, as with other ancient varieties of wheat, is grouped with "the covered wheats" as its kernels do not break free from its seed coat (glume) with threshing and it is, therefore, difficult to separate the husk from the seed. Einkorn today it is a relict crop that is rarely planted, though it has found a new market as a health food. It remains as a local crop, often for bulgur (cracked wheat) or as animal feed, in mountainous areas of France, India, Italy, Morocco, the former Yugoslavia, Turkey and other countries.[8]
Nutrition and gluten toxicity[edit]
Einkorn has a higher percentage of protein than modern red wheats and is considered more nutritious because it has also higher levels of fat, phosphorus, potassium, pyridoxine, and beta-carotene.[9]
In contrast with more modern forms of wheat, evidence suggests the gliadin protein of einkorn may not be as toxic to sufferers of coeliac disease.[10] It has yet to be recommended in any gluten-free diet.
Salt-tolerance gene[edit]
Australian scientists have succeeded in breeding the salt-tolerance feature of T. monococcum into durum wheat.[11]
Google Glass
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Google glass)
Google Glass logo
| |
Google Glass Explorer Edition
| |
| Also known as | Project Glass |
|---|---|
| Developer | |
| Manufacturer | Foxconn |
| Type | Peripheral Head-Mounted Display (PHMD), Optical head-mounted display (OHMD), Wearable technology,Wearable computer, Augmented reality(AR) |
| Release date | Developers (US): February 2013[1] Consumers (US): Currently Unknown[2] |
| Introductory price | Explorer version: $1,500 USD Consumer edition: "close to the average smartphone"[3] |
| Operating system | Android[4] (4.4.2[5]) |
| CPU | OMAP 4430 System on a chip, dual-core processor[6] |
| Memory | 2GB RAM[7] |
| Storage | 16 GB Flash memory total[6] (12 GB ofusable memory)[8] |
| Display | Prism projector, 640×360 pixels (equivalent of a 25 in/64 cm screen from 8 ft/2.4 m away[8]) |
| Sound | Bone conduction transducer[8] |
| Input | Voice command through microphone,[8] accelerometer,[8]gyroscope,[8] magnetometer,[8]ambient light sensor, proximity sensor |
| Controller input | Touchpad, MyGlass phone mobile app |
| Camera | Photos – 5 Megapixel, videos – 720p[8] |
| Connectivity | Wi-Fi 802.11b/g,[8] Bluetooth,[8] micro USB |
| Power | 570mAh Internal lithium-ion battery |
| Weight | 43g (1.51oz) |
| Backward compatibility | Any Bluetooth-capable phone; MyGlass companion app requiresAndroid 4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich) or higher or any iOS 7.0 or higher [8] |
| Related articles | Oculus Rift |
| Website | google.com/glass |
Google Glass is a head-mounted wearable computer developed by Google[9] with the mission of producing a mass-marketubiquitous computer.[1] A uniqueness is the optical display, which is resting in the peripheral vision with being attached to a specially designed lightweight glasses frame. Therefore, the device is also being denoted as a Peripheral Head-Mounted Display (PHMD).[10] Contrary to popular literature, Google Glass is strictly speaking not a Head-up display (HUD) if following the original definition by NASA,[11] since (1) the perception of information is independent from the angle of the head position and (2) information can only be augmented indirectly with the help of a camera playback. In media-theoretical context this technology belongs to the non-immersive augmented reality.[12]
Besides displaying information in a discrete smartphone-like hands-free format,[13] wearers are enabled to communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands or tapping and sliding on the glasses frame.[14][15] Google started selling aprototype of Google Glass to qualified "Glass Explorers" in the US on April 15, 2013, for a limited period for $1,500, before it became available to the public on May 15, 2014,[16] for the same price.
On January 15, 2015, Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype but remained committed to the development of the product. According to Google, Project Glass was ready to "graduate" from Google Labs, the experimental phase of the project.[17]
Contents
[hide]Development[edit]
Google Glass was developed by Google X,[19] the facility within Google devoted to technological advancements such as driverless cars.
Google Glass is smaller and slimmer than previous head-mounted display designs.[20]
The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head-up display.[21] In mid-2011, Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds (3,600 g); by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses.[1]
In April 2013, the Explorer Edition was made available to Google I/O developers in the United States for $1,500.[22]
The product was publicly announced in April 2012.[23] Sergey Brin wore a prototype of the Glass to an April 5, 2012, Foundation Fighting Blindness event in San Francisco.[24][25] In May 2012, Google demonstrated for the first time how Google Glass could be used to shoot video.[26]
Google provided four prescription frame choices for $225 and free with the purchase of any new Glass unit. Google entered in a partnership with the Italian eyewear company Luxottica, owners of the Ray-Ban, Oakley, and other brands, to offer additional frame designs.[27] In June 2014, Nepal Government adopted Google Glass for tackling poachers of wild animals and herbs ofChitwan International Park and other parks listed under World heritage sites. Gurkha Military currently uses Google Glass to track the animals and birds in the jungle. This operation led to the latest development in military operation. Google Glass was used in military for the first time in the world by Nepal.[28]
In January 2015, Google ended the beta period of Glass (the "Google Glass Explorer" program).[17][29]
Release date[edit]
In early 2013, interested potential Glass users were invited to use a Twitter message, with hashtag #IfIHadGlass, to qualify as an early user of the product. The qualifiers, dubbed "Glass Explorers" and numbering 8,000 individuals, were notified in March 2013, and were later invited to pay $1,500 and visit a Google office in Los Angeles, New York or San Francisco, to pick up their unit following "fitting" and training from Google Glass guides. On May 13, 2014, Google announced a move to a "more open beta", via its Google Plus page.[30]
In February 2015, The New York Times reported that Google Glass was being redesigned by former Apple executive Tony Fadell, and that it would not be released until he deemed it to be "perfect."[31]
Features[edit]
- Touchpad: A touchpad is located on the side of Google Glass, allowing users to control the device by swiping through a timeline-like interface displayed on the screen.[32] Sliding backward shows current events, such as weather, and sliding forward shows past events, such as phone calls, photos, circle updates, etc.
- Camera: Google Glass has the ability to take photos and record 720p HD video.[33]
- Display: The Explorer version of Google Glass uses a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS)(based on an LCoS chip from Himax), field-sequential color system, LED illuminated display.[34] The display's LED illumination is first P-polarized and then shines through the in-coupling polarizing beam splitter (PBS) to the LCoS panel. The panel reflects the light and alters it to S-polarization at active pixel sensor sites. The in-coupling PBS then reflects the S-polarized areas of light at 45° through the out-coupling beam splitter to acollimating reflector at the other end. Finally, the out-coupling beam splitter (which is a partially reflecting mirror, not a polarizing beam splitter) reflects the collimated light another 45° and into the wearer's eye.[35][36]
Software[edit]
Applications[edit]
Google Glass applications are free applications built by third-party developers. Glass also uses many existing Google applications, such asGoogle Now, Google Maps, Google+, and Gmail.
Third-party applications announced at South by Southwest (SXSW) include Evernote, Skitch, The New York Times, and Path.[37]
On March 23, 2013, Google released the Mirror API, allowing developers to start making apps for Glass.[38][39] In the terms of service, it is stated that developers may not put ads in their apps or charge fees;[40] a Google representative told The Verge that this might change in the future.[41]
Many developers and companies have built applications for Glass, including news apps, facial recognition, exercise, photo manipulation, translation, and sharing to social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter.[42][43][44]
On May 16, 2013, Google announced the release of seven new apps, including reminders from Evernote, fashion news from Elle, and news alerts from CNN.[45] Following Google's XE7 Glass Explorer Edition update in early July 2013, evidence of a "Glass Boutique", a store that will allow synchronization to Glass of Glassware and APKs, was noted.[46]
Version XE8 made a debut for Google Glass on August 12, 2013. It brings an integrated video player with playback controls, the ability to post an update to Path, and lets users save notes to Evernote. Several other minute improvements include volume controls, improved voice recognition, and several new Google Now cards.
On November 19, 2013, Google unveiled its Glass Development Kit, showcasing a translation app Word Lens, a cooking app AllTheCooks, and an exercise app Strava among others as successful examples.[47][48]
On May 15, 2014, Google announced three news apps – TripIt, FourSquare and OpenTable – in order to entice travelers.
On June 25, 2014, Google announced that notifications from Android Wear will be sent to Glass.[49]
The European University Press published the first book to be read with Google Glass on October 8, 2014, as introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair. The book can be read as a normal paper book or - enriched with multimedia elements - with Google Glass, Kindle, on Smartphone and Pads on the platforms iOS and Android.[50]
MyGlass[edit]
Google offers a companion Android and iOS app called MyGlass, which allows the user to configure and manage the device.[51]
Voice activation[edit]
than the touchpad, Google Glass can be controlled using "voice actions". To activate Glass, wearers tilt their heads 30° upward (which can be altered for preference) or tap the touchpad, and say "O.K., Glass." Once Glass is activated, wearers can say an action, such as "Take a picture", "Record a video", "Hangout with [person/Google+ circle]", "Google 'What year was Wikipedia founded?'", "Give me directions to the Eiffel Tower", and "Send a message to John"[52] (many of these commands can be seen in a product video released in February 2013).[53] For search results that are read back to the user, the voice response is relayed using bone conduction through a transducer that sits beside the ear, thereby rendering the sound almost inaudible to other people.[54]
Awards and praise[edit]
In November 2012, Glass received recognition by Time Magazine as one of the "Best Inventions of the Year 2012", alongside inventions such as the Curiosity Rover.[55]
After a visit to the University of Cambridge by Google's chairman Eric Schmidt in February 2013, Wolfson College professor[56] John Naughton praised the Glass and compared it with the achievements of hardware and networking pioneer Douglas Engelbart. Naughton wrote that Engelbart believed that machines "should do what machines do best, thereby freeing up humans to do what they do best".[57]
In December 2013, David Datuna became the first artist to incorporate Google Glass into a contemporary work of art.[58][59] The artwork debuted at a private event at The New World Symphony in Miami Beach, Florida, US and was moved to the Miami Design District for the public debut.[60] Over 1500 people used Google Glass to experience Datuna's American flag from his "Viewpoint of Billions" series.[61] Instances like this demonstrate that Glass can alter perspective, with the possibility of opening up new dimensions in the visual arts.[62]
The eyewear's functionality and minimalist appearance have been compared to Steve Mann's EyeTap,[63] also known as "Glass" or "Digital Eye Glass".[64] According to Mann, both devices affect both privacy and secrecy by introducing a two-sided surveillance andsousveillance.[65]
Criticism and privacy concerns[edit]
"Glasshole" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Glasgow.
Concerns have been raised by various sources regarding the intrusion of privacy, and the etiquette and ethics of using the device in public and recording people without their permission.[66][67][68] Google co-founder, Sergey Brin, claims that Glass could be seen as a way to become even more isolated in public, but the intent was quite the opposite: Brin views checking social media as a constant "nervous tic," which is why Glass can notify the user of important notifications and updates and does not obstruct the line of sight.[69]
Additionally, there is controversy that Google Glass would violate security problems and privacy rights such as the Secrecy paradigm.[70][71][72] Organizations like the FTC Fair Information Practice work to uphold privacy rights through Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPS), which are guidelines representing concepts that concern fair information practice in an electronic marketplace.[73]
Privacy advocates are concerned that people wearing such eyewear may be able to identify strangers in public using facial recognition, or surreptitiously record and broadcast private conversations.[1] The "Find my Face" feature on Google+ functions to create a model of your face, and of people you know, in order to simplify tagging photos.[74] However, the only current app that can identify strangers is called MORIS (Mobile Offender Recognition and Identification System), and is a $3,000 iPhone app used by police officers.[75]
Some companies in the U.S. have posted anti-Google Glass signs in their establishments.[76][77][78] In July 2013, prior to the official release of the product, Stephen Balaban, co-founder of software company Lambda Labs, circumvented Google’s facial recognition app block by building his own, non-Google-approved operating system. Balaban then installed face-scanning Glassware that creates a summary of commonalities shared by the scanned person and the Glass wearer, such as mutual friends and interests.[79] Also created was Winky, a program that allows a Google Glass user to take a photo with a wink of an eye, while Marc Rogers, a principal security researcher at Lookout, discovered that Glass can be hijacked if a user could be tricked into taking a picture of a malicious QR code, demonstrating the potential to be used as a weapon in cyberwarfare.[80]
Other concerns have been raised regarding legality of the Glass in a number of countries, particularly in Russia, Ukraine, and other post-Soviet countries. In February 2013, a Google+ user noticed legal issues with Glass and posted in the Glass Explorers community about the issues, stating that the device may be illegal to use according to the current legislation in Russia and Ukraine, which prohibits use of spy gadgets that can record video, audio or take photographs in an inconspicuous manner.[81]
Concerns were also raised in regard to the privacy and security of Glass users in the event that the device is stolen or lost, an issue that was raised by a US congressional committee. As part of its response to the committee, Google stated that a locking system for the device is in development. Google also reminded users that Glass can be remotely reset.[46] Police in various States have also warned the Glass wearers to watch out for muggers and street robbers.[82]
Lisa A. Goldstein, a freelance journalist who was born profoundly deaf, tested the product on behalf of people with disabilities and published a review on August 6, 2013. In her review, Goldstein states that Google Glass does not accommodate hearing aids and is not suitable for people who cannot understand speech. Goldstein also explained the limited options for customer support, as telephone contact was her only means of communication.[83]
Several facilities have banned the use of Google Glass before its release to the general public, citing concerns over potential privacy-violating capabilities. Other facilities, such asLas Vegas casinos, banned Google Glass, citing their desire to comply with Nevada state law and common gaming regulations which ban the use of recording devices near gambling areas.[84] On October 29, 2014, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) announced a ban on wearable technology including Google Glass, placing it under the same rules as mobile phones and video cameras.[85] The Glass is also banned in some movie theaters.[86]
There have also been concerns over potential eye pain caused by users new to Glass.[87] These concerns were validated by Google's optometry advisor Dr. Eli Peli of Harvard, though he later partly backtracked due to the controversy which ensued from his remarks.[87][88][89]
Concerns have been raised by cyber forensics experts at the University of Massachusetts who have developed a way to steal smartphone and tablet passwords using Google Glass. The specialists developed a software program that uses Google Glass to track finger shadows as someone types in their password. Their program then converts the touchpoints into the keys they were touching, allowing them to catch the passcodes.[90]
Another concern regarding the camera application raises controversy to privacy. Some people are concerned about how the product has the capability of recording during events such as conversations. The device sets off a light to indicate that it is recording but many speculate that there will be an app to disable this.[91]
Safety considerations[edit]
Concerns have also been raised on operating motor vehicles while wearing the device. On July 31, 2013 it was reported that driving while wearing Google Glass is likely to be banned in the UK, being deemed careless driving, therefore a fixed penalty offense, following a decision by the Department for Transport.[92]
In the US, West Virginia state representative Gary G. Howell introduced an amendment in March 2013 to the state's law against texting while driving that would include bans against "using a wearable computer with head mounted display." In an interview, Howell stated, "The primary thing is a safety concern, it [the glass headset] could project text or video into your field of vision. I think there's a lot of potential for distraction."[93]
In October 2013, a driver in California was ticketed for "driving with monitor visible to driver (Google Glass)" after being pulled over for speeding by a San Diego Police Departmentofficer. The driver was reportedly the first to be fined for driving while wearing a Google Glass.[94] While the judge noted that "Google Glass fell under 'the purview and intent' of the ban on driving with a monitor", the case was thrown out of court due to lack of proof the device was on at the time.[95]
In November 2014, Sawyer et al., from the University of Central Florida and the US Air Force Research Laboratory, published the results of comparative study in a driving simulator. Subjects were asked to use either Google Glass or a smartphone-based messaging interface and were then interrupted with an emergency event. The Glass-delivered messages served to moderate but did not eliminate distracting cognitive demands. A potential passive cost to drivers merely wearing the Glass was also observed. Messaging using either device impaired driving as compared to driving without multi-tasking.[96]
In February 2014, a woman wearing Google Glass was verbally and physically assaulted at a bar in San Francisco. Allegedly the woman was showboating and not respecting other's privacy in the establishment.[97] Kevin Sintumuang shared an informative article for Google Glass owners to help avoid being a "Glasshole."[98]
Healthcare applications[edit]
Several proofs of concept for Google Glass have been proposed in healthcare.
In December 2013, Medopad, a London, UK based mobile health solution provider, announced the first wearable health record and had an official showcase of the technology at the CeBIT conference in March 2014.[99][100][101] With the Medopad application for Glass, doctors can access patient records, check live patient vitals, collaborate by sharing what they are viewing in surgery with up to 5 other doctors, and record video or take pictures.[102]
drchrono, a Mountain View, Calif., based electronic medical record company has developed a new application for the device it claims is the first "wearable health record." Doctors who register for the drchrono app for Glass can use it to record a consultation or surgery with the patient's permission. Videos, photos and notes are stored in the patient's electronic medical record or in Box, a cloud-based storage and collaboration service and can be shared with the patient on request. [103]
Doctors Phil Haslam and Sebastian Mafeld demonstrated the first concepts for Google Glass in the field of interventional radiology. They demonstrated the manner in which the concept of Google Glass could assist a liver biopsy and fistulaplasty, and the pair stated that Google Glass has the potential to improve patient safety, operator comfort, and procedure efficiency in the field of interventional radiology.[104]
On June 20, 2013, Rafael J. Grossmann, a Venezuelan surgeon practicing in the U.S., was the first surgeon to ever demonstrate the use of Google Glass during a live surgical procedure.[105] In August 2013, Google Glass was also used at Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University. Surgeon Dr. Christopher Kaeding used Google Glass to consult with a colleague in a distant part of Columbus, Ohio. A group of students at The Ohio State University College of Medicine also observed the operation on their laptop computers. Following the procedure, Kaeding stated, "To be honest, once we got into the surgery, I often forgot the device was there. It just seemed very intuitive and fit seamlessly."[106]
On June 21, 2013, Spanish doctor Pedro Guillen, chief of trauma service of Clínica CEMTRO of Madrid, also broadcast a surgery through the use of Google Glass.[107]
In Australia, during January 2014, Melbourne tech startup Small World Social collaborated with the Australian Breastfeeding Association to create the first hands-free breastfeeding Google Glass application for new mothers.[114] The application, named Google Glass Breastfeeding app trial, allows mothers to nurse their baby while viewing instructions about common breastfeeding issues (latching on, posture etc.) or call a lactation consultant via a secure Google Hangout, who can view the issue through the mother's Google Glass camera.[115] The trial was successfully concluded in Melbourne in April 2014, and 100% of participants were breastfeeding confidently.[116]
The first virtually augmented surgery in the Middle East was conducted in April 2014 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) as part of the Global Smile Foundation (GSF) MENA mission in Lebanon in collaboration with the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at AUBMC. The virtually augmented surgery was carried out as part of a pilot program utilizing software by Vipaar, a remote video software company, which uses Google glasses to allow surgeons to communicate from thousands of miles away. The software was used during the surgical procedure on a two-and-a-half year old girl with a cleft lip. The Vipaar technology allowed Dr. Usama Hamdan, president of GSF MENA and Dr. Ghassan Abu-Sittah, head of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at AUBMC, to communicate with a Reconstructive Surgeon at New York University, Dr. Raj Vyas. Cleft Lip surgery on a young patient requires a tremendous amount of precision and that is why the surgery was selected to test the software. During the surgery, Vyas was able to see the surgery in the eyes of Hamdan and Abu-Sittah on his iPad in NYC. In turn, Vyas, who has previous experience with the Vipaar technology, virtually demonstrated where the incisions should be made. The surgical team in Beirut was able to see the surgical markings through the glasses as if they were on the patient’s face.[117]
In June 2014, the use of Google Glass to acquire images of a patient's retina ("Glass Fundoscopy") was publicly demonstrated for the first time at the Wilmer Clinical Meeting at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine by Dr. Aaron Wang and Dr. Allen Eghrari.[118] This technique was featured on the cover of the Journal for Mobile Technology in Medicine as feature article for January 2015.[119]
In July 2014, the startup company Surgery Academy, in Milan, Italy, launched a remote training platform dedicated to medical students. The platform is a MOOC that allows students to join any operating theater thanks to Google Glass worn by surgeon.[120][121] Also in July 2014, This Place released an app, MindRDR to connect Glass to a NeuroskyEEG monitor to allow people to take photos and share them to Twitter or Facebook using brain signals. It is hoped this will allow people with severe physical disabilities to engage with social media.[122]
Journalism and mass media applications[edit]
In 2014, Voice of America Television Correspondent Carolyn Presutti and VOA Electronics Engineer Jose Vega began a web project called "VOA & Google Glass" which explores the technology's potential uses in journalism.[123] This series of news stories examines the technology's live reporting applications, including conducting interviews and covering stories from the reporter's point of view. On March 29, 2014, American a cappella group Pentatonix partnered with Voice of America when lead singer Scott Hoying wore Glass in the band's performance at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., during the band's worldwide tour - the first use of Glass by a lead singer in a professional concert.[124]
Beginning in the fall of 2014, The University of Southern California will conduct a course called "Glass Journalism," which will explore the device's application in journalism.[125]
Technical specifications[edit]
For the developer Explorer units version 1:
- Android 4.4 [126]
- 640×360 Himax HX7309 LCoS display[6][34]
- 5-megapixel camera, capable of 720p video recording[8]
- Wi-Fi 802.11b/g[8]
- Bluetooth[8]
- 16GB storage (12 GB available)[8]
- Texas Instruments OMAP 4430 SoC 1.2Ghz Dual(ARMv7)[6]
- 1GB RAM [127]
- 3 axis gyroscope [128]
- 3 axis accelerometer [128]
- 3 axis magnetometer (compass)[128]
- Ambient light sensing and proximity sensor [128]
- Bone conduction audio transducer[8]
For the developer Explorer units version 2:
- Android 4.4 [126]
- 640×360 Himax HX7309 LCoS display[6][34]
- 5-megapixel camera, capable of 720p video recording[8]
- Wi-Fi 802.11b/g[8]
- Bluetooth[8]
- 16GB storage (12 GB available including OS)[8]
- Texas Instruments OMAP 4430 SoC 1.2Ghz Dual(ARMv7)[6]
- 2GB RAM [129]
- 3 axis gyroscope [128]
- 3 axis accelerometer [128]
- 3 axis magnetometer (compass)[128]
- Ambient light sensing and proximity sensor [128]
- Bone conduction audio transducer[8]
- Prescription frames available on https://glass.google.com
Terms of service[edit]
Under the Google Glass terms of service for the Glass Explorer pre-public release program, it specifically states, "You may not resell, loan, transfer, or give your device to any other person. If you resell, loan, transfer, or give your device to any other person without Google's authorization, Google reserves the right to deactivate the device, and neither you nor the unauthorized person using the device will be entitled to any refund, product support, or product warranty." This helps to prevent users from hijacking the device.
Wired commented on this policy of a company claiming ownership of its product after it had been sold, saying: "Welcome to the New World, one in which companies are retaining control of their products even after consumers purchase them."[130] Others pointed out that Glass was not for public sale at all, but rather in private testing for selected developers, and that not allowing developers in a closed beta to sell to the public is not the same as banning consumers from reselling a publicly released device.[131]
See also[edit]
- Android Wear
- Apple Watch
- Google Contact Lens
- Project Tango
- Q-Warrior
- Samsung Gear VR
- Speech recognition
- Snow Crash
- Smartglasses
- EyeTap – eye-mounted camera and head-up display (HUD)
- Golden-i – head-mounted computer
- Google Goggles – query-by-image search engine
- Microsoft HoloLens – Windows 10 based AR unit, with high-definition 3D optical head-mounted display and spatial sound
- Looxcie – ear-mounted streaming video camera
- Oculus Rift – wide field of view virtual reality (VR) goggles with low latency head tracking
- Pristine - enterprise video collaboration and support software
- SixthSense – wearable AR device
- Virtual retinal display – display technology that projects images directly onto the retina
- Vuzix – augmented reality smart glasses
- Epson Moverio BT-200 - another smart glass, with AR[132]
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