Solanum pseudocapsicum
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"Solanum karstenii" and "Solanum microcarpum" redirect here. These names have also been applied to other nightshades; see below
| Solanum pseudocapsicum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fruiting plant | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Solanum |
| Species: | S. pseudocapsicum |
| Binomial name | |
| Solanum pseudocapsicum L. | |
Solanum pseudocapsicum is a nightshadespecies with poisonous fruit. It is commonly known as the Jerusalem cherry, Madeira winter cherry, or, ambiguously, "winter cherry". These perennials can be grown decoratively as house plants, but in some areas ofSouth Africa, Australia andNew Zealand it is regarded as a weed.
Contents
[hide]Overview[edit]
The plant is perennial in zones up to USDA 8. Native to Peru and Ecuador, they can survive frosts and cold weather. They generally live up to 10 years, producing fruit usually in their second or third year, and every year after that. They are congeners oftomatoes and the fruit is extremely similar to cherry tomatoes in taste and texture, and are therefore easily confused with them.
The Jerusalem Cherry's poison is primarilysolanocapsine, which is similar to other alkaloids found in their genus, such assolanine and atropine. Although the toxin is poisonous, it is generally not life-threatening to humans. It may cause gastric problems, including vomiting andgastroenteritis as referenced in the obsolete scientific name S. ipecacuanha(roughly "ipecac nightshade").[1]
Jerusalem cherries are also highly poisonous to dogs,[2]cats,[3] and some birds.[4]Though Jerusalem cherry is distributed by certain birds in the wild – both where native and where introduced, e.g. in Australia by the pied currawong (Strepera graculina) – most popular pet birds, namely parrots and relatives, are not immune to its poison.
See also: List of Jerusalem cherry diseases
Taxonomy[edit]
Supposedly, the plant described as Solanum capsicastrum and calledfalse Jerusalem cherry is a closely related but distinct species, and the trade name "winter cherry" is also held to apply to this exclusively. It is said to be recognizable by more mediocre size, and/or a greyish hue to the foliage and/or stems, and/or fruit that have a pronounced yellow hue when unripe and whose pulp is not or less poisonous (though the seeds still are, making the whole fruit still inedible), and/or higher frost hardiness. But these supposed differences are inconsistently given in various horticultural sources, and no botanical source has in recent times distinguished between the two. Indeed, these taxa are now generally held to refer to the samespecies, and the "false Jerusalem cherry", if it is at all distinguishable, seems to be a chemotype at best, or just a motley collection ofcultivars.[5]
The entire list of now-invalidsynonyms ofS. pseudocapsicum is long, and many homonyms are included within it:[5]
- Solanum capsicastrum Link ex Schau
- Solanum capsicastrum var.caaguazuense Chodat
- Solanum compactum Hort.
- Solanum diffusum Link ex Roem. & Schult. (non Ruiz & Pav.: preoccupied)
- S. diffusum Roxb. ex Wall. isS. virginianum L..S. diffusum ssp.miozygum Bitter and S. diffusumvar. miozygum (Bitter) J.F.Macbr. areS. ternatum.
- Solanum diflorum Vell.
- Solanum diflorum var.angustifolium Kuntze
- Not to be confused withS. angustifolium Mill..
- Solanum diflorum var.hygrophilum (Schltdl.) Kuntze
- Solanum diflorum var.pulverulentum Chodat
- Solanum diphyllum Forssk. (non L.:preoccupied)
- Solanum diphyllum var.pulverulentum Chodat
- S. diphyllum Sessé & Moc. isS. nudum. S. diphyllum Sw. ex Dunal in DC. is an undeterminableLycianthes species. S. diphyllumOsbeck is a nomen nudum.
- Solanum dunnianum H.Lév.
- Solanum eremanthum Dunal
- Solanum hendersonii Hort. ex W.Wight
- Solanum hermannioides Schinz
- Solanum hyemale Salisb.
- Solanum hygrophilum Schltdl.
- Solanum ipecacuanha Chodat
- Solanum ipecacuanha var.calvescens Chodat
- Solanum ipecacuanha var.obovata Chodat
- Solanum jaliscanum Greenm.
- Solanum karstenii Dunal
- S. karstenii A.Braun & Bouché isS. felinum.
- Solanum linkianum Roem. & Schult.
- Solanum lucidum M.Martens & Galeotti (non Moric.: preoccupied)
- S. lucidum Moric. is Aureliana fasciculata (Vell.) Sendtn..
- Solanum mexiae Standl.
- Solanum microcarpum Vahl
- S. microcarpum Cerv. ex Lag. isS. pubigerum Dunal.S. microcarpum Pav. ex Dunal in DC.is S. corymbosum Jacq..
- Solanum montevidense Spreng.
- Solanum plurifurcipilum Bitter
- Solanum singuliflorum Steud.
- Solanum tucumanense Griseb.
- Solanum ulmoides Dunal
- Solanum uniflorum Vell. (non Dunal in Poir.: preoccupied)
- S. uniflorum Meyen ex Nees isS. elaeagnifolium Cav.. S. uniflorumDunal in Poir. and S. uniflorum Sessé & Moc. are Lycianthes mociniana(Dunal) Bitter. S. uniflorum Lag. is an undeterminable Lycianthesspecies.
- Solanum validum Rusby
As can be seen by the "False Jerusalem Cherry" case, several presumedforms, subspecies andvarieties have been described ofS. pseudocapsicum. But these are generally also not considered to betaxonomically distinct today:[5]
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.ambiguum Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum f.calvescens (Chodat) Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.diflorum (Vell.) Bitter
- Solanum pseudocapsicum ssp.diflorum (Vell.) Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.hygrophilum (Schltdl.) Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.lancifolium Moench
- Solanum pseudocapsicum f.microcarpum (Vahl) Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.microcarpum Pers.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.normale Kuntze
- Solanum pseudocapsicum f.pilosulum Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum f.?pilosum Kuntze
- Solanum pseudocapsicum f.pilulosum Hassl.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.parvifolium Kuntze
- Not to be confused withS. parvifolium.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var. sendtnerianum Hassl.
- Not to be confused withS. sendtnerianum.
- Solanum pseudocapsicum var.typicum Hassl.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ D. G. Spoerke & S. C. Smolinske (1990). Toxicity of Houseplants. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
- ^ "Toxic plants for dogs". CyberCanine.com. 1997. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2008.
- ^ "Plants and your cat". Cat Fanciers' Association. December 1997. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved September 29,2008.
- ^ "Bird safety: poisonous and safe plants for birds". Peteducation.com. 1997. Retrieved September 29, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Solanum pseudocapsicum". Solanaceae Source. July 2004. Retrieved September 29, 2008.
External links[edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solanum pseudocapsicum. |
 | Wikispecies has information related to: Solanum pseudocapsicum |
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