Like if You Actually Like and Share to Everyone,Leave a Comment, FOLLOW or Subscribe for free if you would Like to.
All Praises are only For Allah that I am Alrounder.Thank you for Taking A look at this.
In the United States the fruit is known to have been grown in San Diego before 1889 and in Santa Barbara by 1897. More commercially viable cultivars were introduced from New Zealand and elsewhere towards the end of the 20th century, leading to its introduction into up-scale markets in Japan, Europe and North America.[2]
Like if You Actually Like and Share to Everyone,Leave a Comment, FOLLOW or Subscribe for free if you would Like to. All Praises are only For Allah that I am Alrounder.Thank you for Taking A look at this.
Solanum muricatum
- This page is about the Solanum muricatum described by William Aiton. S. furcatum was also called thus by Bertero based on Dunal.
- "Pepino" redirects here; similar plants are also known by that name (see text). For the municipality in Toledo, see Pepino, Spain.
| Solanum muricatum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Plant with flowers and ripening fruit | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Solanum |
| Species: | S. muricatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Solanum muricatum Ait. | |
| Synonyms | |
See text
| |
Solanum muricatum is a species of evergreen shrub native to South America and grown for its sweet edible fruit.
It is known as pepino dulce ("sweet cucumber" in English, in order to differentiate it from cucumber which is also called "pepino" in Spanish) or simply pepino; the latter is also used for similar species such as "S. mucronatum" (which actually seems to belong in the related genus Lycianthes). The pepino dulce fruit resembles a melon (Cucumis melo) in color, and its flavor recalls a succulent mixture ofhoneydew and cucumber, and thus it is also sometimes called pepino melon or melon pear, but pepinos are only very distantly related to melons and pears. Another common name, "tree melon", is more often used for the Papaya (Carica papaya) though the pepino dulce plant generally does not look much like a tree; it looks more like a ground cover, trailing plant. The present species is, however, a close relative of other nightshades cultivated for their fruit, including the tomato (S. lycopersicum) and the eggplant (S. melongena), which its own fruit closely resembles.
The fruit is common in markets in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile, but less often overseas because it is quite sensitive to handling and does not travel well. Attempts to produce commercial cultivars and to export the fruit have been made in New Zealand,Turkey, Mauritius and Chile.[1]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The pepino dulce is presumed to be native to the temperate Andean regions of Colombia, Peru and Chile, though it is not known in the wild and the details of its domestication are unknown.[2] The pepino is a domesticated native of the Andes.
Cultivation[edit]
Pepinos are not often found archaeologically as they are soft and pulpy and not easy to preserve, while their tough seeds are small and easily lost among debris. But they were already described by early Spanish chroniclers as being cultivated on the coast; the Moche Valleyin Peru was particularly famous for them. They were a popular decorative motif in Moche art.[3]
In the United States the fruit is known to have been grown in San Diego before 1889 and in Santa Barbara by 1897. More commercially viable cultivars were introduced from New Zealand and elsewhere towards the end of the 20th century, leading to its introduction into up-scale markets in Japan, Europe and North America.[2]
The pepino dulce is relatively hardy. In its native range it grows at altitudes ranging from close to sea level up to 3,000 m (10,000 ft.). However, it performs best in a warm, relatively frost-free climate. The plant can survive a low temperature of -2.5°C (27 to 28°F) if the freeze is not prolonged, though it may drop many of its leaves.[2] The species is a perennial, but its sensitivity to chilling, pests, and diseases force the growers to replant the crop every year. The crop also adapts well to greenhouse cultivation, training the plants up to 2 m tall, and obtaining yields that are 2-3 times larger than those obtained outdoors.
They are propagated by cuttings since they are established easily without rooting hormones. It is grown in a manner similar to its relatives such as the tomato, though it grows naturally upright by habit and can thus be cultivated as a free-standing bush, though it is sometimes pruned on trellises. Additionally, supports are sometimes used to keep the weight of the fruit from pulling the plant down. It has a fast growth rate and bears fruit within 4 to 6 months after planting. It is a perennial, but is usually cultivated as an annual. Seedlings are intolerant of weeds, but it can later easily compete with low growing weeds. Like their relatives tomatoes, eggplants, tomatillos and tamarillos, pepinos are extremely attractive to beetles, aphids, white flies and spider mites. Pepinos are tolerant of most soil types, but require constant moisture for good fruit production. Established bushes show some tolerance to drought stress, but this typically affects yield. The plants areparthenocarpic, meaning it needs no pollination to set fruit, though pollination will encourage fruiting.[1]
The plant is grown primarily in Chile, New Zealand and Western Australia. In Chile, more than 400 hectares are planted in the Longotoma Valley with an increasing proportion of the harvest being exported.Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador also grow the plant, but on a more local scale. Outside of the Andean region, it been grown in various countries of Central America, Morocco, Spain, Israel, and the highlands ofKenya. In the United States several hundred hectares of the fruit are grown on a small scale in Hawaii andCalifornia. More commercially viable cultivars have been introduced from New Zealand and elsewhere in more recent times. As a result, the fruit has been introduced into up-scale markets in Japan, Europe and North America and it is slowly becoming less obscure outside of South America.[1] Delicate and mild-flavored, pepinos are often eaten as a fresh snack fruit, though they combine very well with a number of other fruits as well.
The study of the molecular variation of this pepino is of interest for several reasons. Although the seeds of pepino plants are fertile and produce vigorous offspring, this crop is primarily propagated by cuttings (Heiser, 1964; Anderson, 1979; Morley-Bunker, 1983), and as a consequence, its genetic structure could be different from that of seed-propagated crops.[4]
.jpg)
Synonyms[edit]
S. muricatum is known by some now-invalid synonyms. Most of these names have only been applied to this characteristic plant, but one is quite ambiguous:[5]
- Solanum guatemalense Hort.
- Solanum hebephorum Dunal
- Solanum longifolium Sessé & Moc. (non Dunal: preoccupied)
- The S. longifolium of Dunal refers to S. subinerme, while S. longifolium of Pavón Jiménez based on Dunal in de Candolle is S. ensifolium.
- Solanum melaniferum Moric. ex Dunal
- Solanum pedunculatum Roem. & Schult.
- Solanum saccianum Naudin (non Carrière & André: preoccupied)
- Solanum saccianum Carrière & André
- Solanum scabrum Lam. (non Mill.: preoccupied)
- The S. scabrum of Kunth and of Zuccagni are actually S. aethiopicum. The one described by Vahl is S. volubile as described by Swartz. And the S. scabrum of Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez is actually S. saponaceum of Dunal.
- Solanum variegatum Ruiz & Pav.
- Solanum wallisii Carrière
In addition, several presumed varieties and forms of pepino dulce were described, but these are mainly individual or agricultural variants not considered taxonomically distinct today:[5]
- Solanum muricatum var. dissectum Dunal
- Not to be confused with S. dissectum as described by Symon.
- Solanum muricatum f. glaberrimum Correll
- Not to be confused with S. glaberrimum as described by C.V. Morton.
- Solanum muricatum var. papillosistylum Bitter
- Solanum muricatum var. parvifolium Kunth
- Not to be confused with S. parvifolium as described by Robert Brown
- Solanum muricatum var. popayanum Bitter
- Solanum muricatum var. praecedens Bitter
- Solanum muricatum var. protogenum Bitter
- Solanum muricatum var. teleutogenum Bitter
Solanum bahamense
- This article is about the Solanum bahamense described by Carl Linnaeus. "Solanum persicifolium" and "Solanum racemosum" redirect here. These names have been used for other species too; see text for details.
| Bahama Nightshade | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Solanum |
| Species: | S. bahamense |
| Binomial name | |
| Solanum bahamense L. | |
Solanum bahamense (Bahama nightshade) is a plant species in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. It is also known as canker berry, and locally as berengena de playa.
Originally described by Carl Linnaeus, it has a convoluted taxonomic history. S. bahamense is known by many junior synonyms and involved in several cases of homonymy.[1]
S. bahamense as described by Peter Forsskål refers to S. glabratum. The S. bahamense of Philip Miller is S. donianum.[1]
Synonyms of the original S. bahamense are:[1]
- Solanum anacanthum Dunal
- Solanum cestrifolium Willd. ex Dunal (nomen nudum?)
- Solanum cestrophyllum Dunal
- Solanum fruticosum Mill.
- Solanum igneum L.
- Solanum igneum var. inerme Dunal
- Solanum igneum var. parvifolium Vahl
- Not to be confused with S. parvifolium.
- Solanum lanceifolium Salisb. (non Jacq.: preoccupied)
- S. lanceifolium of Sessé & Mociño is S. umbellatum as described by Philip Miller.
- S. lanceifolium var. sagraenum is S. glaucescens of Zuccarini.
- S. lanceifolium var. scabrum and var. volubile are S. volubile of Olof Swartz.
- Solanum molle Bertero ex Dunal (non Dunal: preoccupied)
- S. molle of Dunal is S. monachophyllum.
- Solanum persicifolium Dunal
- S. persicifolium of Mart. is S. amygdalifolium.
- Solanum persicifolium var. angustifolium Dunal
- Solanum persicifolium var. belloi O.E.Schulz
- Solanum persicifolium var. parvifolium (Vahl) O.E.Schulz
- Solanum racemosum Jacq.
- S. racemosum of Noronha is S. violaceum of Ortega.
- S. racemosum of Mill. is S. erianthum.
- Solanum racemosum var. igneum (L.) O.E.Schulz
- Solanum ramosum Lam.
- Solanum subarmatum Willd.
- Solanum torvum var.? persicifolium (Dunal) M.Gómez
- S. torvum as described by Olof Swartz is a valid species, of which numerous other Solanum were also considered to belong (see article for details).
- Solanum umbrosum Balb. ex Dunal (non Dunal: preoccupied)
- Solanum umbrosum Bertero ex Dunal (non Dunal: preoccupied)
- S. umbrosum of Vahl based on Dunal in de Candolle is S. anomalum.
- S. umbrosum of Dunal is S. lanceifolium of von Jacquin.
- Solanum varginstonicum Buc'hoz
Some additional varieties of S. bahamense have been described, but they are not considered taxonomically distinct today:[1]
- Solanum bahamense var. inerme Dunal
- Solanum bahamense var. lanceolatum Griseb.
- Not to be confused with the S. lanceolatum of Cavanilles.
- Solanum bahamense var. luxurians D'Arcy
- Solanum bahamense var. rugelii D'Arcy
- Solanum bahamense var. subarmatum (Willd.) O.E.Schulz
No comments:
Post a Comment